Translation of persian - This English to Persian translator can be used by anyone that includes individuals (like students, teachers), professionals (like doctors, engineers, content writers & bloggers), or a company of any size. However, being an automated Persian translation tool, there are some restrictions. It can't be used for legal purposes.

 
The xwâ (خوا) of Persian script is maintained in romanization. Among other reasons, the homophone verbs خواستن (to want) and خاستن (to rise) remain distinguishable. Therefore, خواستن must be entered as xwâstan and خاستن as xâstan.Other verbs having xwâ include: xwâbidan (خوابیدن), xwândan (خواندن).. Tense Names. Each language has its own …. Serviceautopilot

The Persian program offers two categories of courses: (PERS) classes taught in Persian; (PETR) Persian literature in translation classes. This allows students to both acquire specialized knowledge in the language and to explore varied interests in literary, philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects of Persian literature through the study ...Translation of “I Love You” in Farsi. In Farsi, the phrase “I love you” can be translated as “دوستت دارم” (doostet daram). This literal translation conveys the sentiment of love and affection towards someone. It is a commonly used phrase among Farsi speakers to express their deep feelings for someone they care about.This study examined the influence of English to Persian translation of the films on the communicative preferences in the target language. The corpora of the study are films with different genres with their dubbed versions. Searle's (1979) categorization of illocutionary acts was examined and attempted to investigate the influences of the target ...Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. Despite the extensive research on translation and challenges on translation of figurative language, in particular idioms and proverbs, little is achieved to solve the challenges. The corpus of the study was an English translation of the novel Pinocchio and its Persian translation. The name of the novel is 'The Adventures of Pinocchio'. The aim of this case study was to explore the strategies ... This article presents the first in-depth textual analysis of the Razmnamah (Book of War), the Persian translation of the Mahabharata sponsored by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century. I argue that the Razmnamah was a central literary work in the Mughal court and of deep relevance to Akbar’s imperial and political …Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different …Mar 5, 2021 · The translation of Shakespeare’s works started in 19th-century Iran with a handful of his works and poems. However, due to Shakespeare’s linguistic complexities, most translators embarked on translating him from a different language other than the original. Such translations were made from French, German, and Arabic. AVESTA . ii. Middle Persian Translations . The manuscripts transmitting the preserved Avestan texts often also include their translation into Pahlavi [PT], the Zoroastrian Middle Persian language. The ritual Avestan texts belonging to the great rituals (Yasna, Vīsparad, and Vīdēvdād) are transmitted through two different kinds of …Our platform provides a straightforward and user-friendly approach to translating Arabic word, sentence, and paragraph into Persian. Just input your Arabic text into the left text box or paste it, then press the space bar key or translate button to instantly obtain the precise Arabic translation in the right output box.Turkish to Persian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from Turkish to Persian and other languages. Turkish to Persian Translation provides the most convenient access to online translation service powered by various machine translation engines.For instruction on how to enable Farsi keyboard on iPhone or Android phone please visit Farsi Dictionary Mobile. The first and most popular free online Farsi (Persian)/English Dictionary with easy to use Farsi keyboard, two-way word lookup, multi-language smart translator, English lessons, educational games, and more with mobile and smartphone ...Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the different strategies applied by Iranian translators to Persian translation of the neologism created in Persian Academy words. To begin with, four volumes out of eight volumes of Persian Academy translation were selected randomly. To do so, some one-thousand words containing English to ... Dutch - English (British) French - German. French - Romanian. Persian-to-English translation is made accessible with Translate.com. Accurate translations for words, phrases, and texts online. Fast, accurate, and free. in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to Persian as "سلام دوست من!". You can use our English translator to translate a whole English sentence to Persian or just a single word, you can also use English to Persian translation online tool as a personal English dictionary tool to get the meaning of Persian words. Elizabeth T. Gray, Jr. April 10, 2022. Rumi, Gold, translated by Haleh Liza Gafori, New York Review Books (image courtesy New York Review Books) I’ll be frustrated, dull and barren as a stone ...• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:... Use the free English ↔ Persian Translator from PONS! Translate words, phrases, texts instantly in 38 languages. Proverbs are used as a title of a book or title of a literary work on the whole (e.g. Shakespeare's measure for. measure whose Persian equivalent is " kolukh andaz raa paadaash sang ast") 2. In ...Abstract This study aimed at investigating the translation of address terms from Arabic text of the Quran (ST) into English as well as Persian translations (TTs) based on politeness principle. Classical Persian poetry has held an important place in English-language literature: Khayyam is a central figure of the Victorian era; Rumi remains a best-selling poet in America; and Hafez has been one of the most frequently translated poets. But modern Persian poetry is absent from contemporary surveys. Classical Persian poetry has held an important place in English-language literature: Khayyam is a central figure of the Victorian era; Rumi remains a best-selling poet in America; and Hafez has been one of the most frequently translated poets. But modern Persian poetry is absent from contemporary surveys. English. Spanish. Arabic. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. A collection of postcards with paintings of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, by Indian artist M. V. Dhurandhar. Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám is the title that Edward FitzGerald gave to his 1859 translation from Persian to English of a selection of quatrains ( rubāʿiyāt) attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of ...Nov 10, 2022 · Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different linguistic forms, this variety cannot be ... 1. Simply upload a English or Persian document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from English and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate English documents to Persian in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...There are many Persian verbs that are frequently used in daily conversations. In this section, we will introduce the most common Persian verbs. List of Top Common Persian Verbs with Examples. Here is a list of the top Persian verbs you need to learn, along with their English translations and example sentences: 1. رفتن – to gocultural translation strategies. That is to say, "equivalence" was the most frequent one, – 9-4456 -2019 – in an English book as a source text (ST), and its two Persian translations as target ... Biography. Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi is Instructional Professor of Persian in the Department of Near Eastern Language and Civilizations at the University of Chicago, USA.She holds a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Ottawa, Canada (2012) as well as a Ph.D. in applied linguistics with a focus on translation from Tehran Azad University, Iran (2004). Translate. Detect language → English. Google home; Send feedback; Privacy and terms; Switch to full siteTurkish to Persian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from Turkish to Persian and other languages. Turkish to Persian Translation provides the most convenient access to online translation service powered by various machine translation engines.The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the revised heart failure compliance questionnaire (RHFCQ) in Iranian HF sufferers. Methods: This methodological study was performed on outpatient HF individuals referred to a heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The forward-backward translation method was …Turkish to Persian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from Turkish to Persian and other languages. Turkish to Persian Translation provides the most convenient access to online translation service powered by various machine translation engines.Translate texts & full document files instantly. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. Millions translate with DeepL every day. Texts & Literature. • LyrikLine: Persian poems, with translation (+ audio) • Petite anthologie bilingue de littérature irano-persane (Medieval texts, with transcription & translation) by Denis Matringe (2021) • Persian literature, an introduction, by Reuben Levy (1923) • Persian literature by Claude Field (1912) A฀Persian฀Translation฀of฀the฀Sanskrit฀Mahabharata Here the translators draw on an earlier teaching in Manu’s story that “the irst responsibility of the subjects is that they must pray for the king” and apply it directly to their …Sep 1, 2012 · Using Baker's (1992) four strategies in translation of English idioms into Persian in two novels, Khosravi and Khatib (2012) found that while 'paraphrase' was the most commonly used strategy ... Summary table of Persian Proverbs. مرغ همسایه غازه — “The Neighbour’s chicken is a goose”. هر گردی گردو نیست — “Not everything that’s round is a walnut”. هم خدا را می‌ خواهد، هم خرما را — “He/She wants both God and the date”. با یک دست نمی توان دو ...Summary of the purport of the poem in exegesis of the Surah of Pure Faith “Say: He is God, One”. “God, the Self-Subsistent”. “He begat not, neither was He begotten”. “And there is not any equal unto Him”. The author’s memorial to him who is a mercy to all living beings. Message from the East.A repository of subversive, melancholic and existentialist themes and ideas, the rubaiyat (quatrains) that make up the collected poems attributed to the 12th century Persian astronomer Omar Khayyam have enchanted readers for centuries. In this modern translation, complete with critical introduction and epilogue, Juan Cole elegantly …Jun 13, 2016 · Translation of the Meanings of The Noble Quran in the Farsi / Persian Language This Farsi / Persian translation was sponsored by the Saudi government and is provided free. Publisher: King Fahd Complex For The Printing Of The Holy Qur’an Madinah, K.S.A. This article presents a description and analysis of a Persian translation and commentary of the Qurʾān, entitled Tafsīr-i munīr, by Abū Naṣr al-Ḥaddādī (d. after 400/1009), the earliest exegetical work in Persian whose author can be identified.This English to Persian translator can be used by anyone that includes individuals (like students, teachers), professionals (like doctors, engineers, content writers & bloggers), or a company of any size. However, being an automated Persian translation tool, there are some restrictions. It can't be used for legal purposes.The present study is an investigation into the Rehatsek’s (1888) English translation of proverbs of Sa‘di’s Gulistan (1258/2000), as a classical Persian masterpiece. Baker’s (2011) set of ...Architectural texts involve a great deal of CSIs that reflect the culture of a country. Translating these CSIs from Persian into English seems one of the key issues in the translation of architectural texts. This source-oriented descriptive study tried to investigate CSIs of the Persian architecture in order to examine the extent to which the …Use the free Persian ↔ English Translator from PONS! Translate words, phrases, texts instantly in 38 languages.منتقد هنری. ۴ دقیقه پیش. «فسیل» که از نظر رقمی به پرفروش‌ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران بدل شده و بیش از هفت و ...Conducted within the comparative research model in translation studies, the present work is a descriptive-analytical corpus-based study addressing the translation of fronted themes, as the main category of marked structures, from English into Persian. The corpus built for the purpose of this study is a parallel one comprising 3500 English …Summary of the purport of the poem in exegesis of the Surah of Pure Faith “Say: He is God, One”. “God, the Self-Subsistent”. “He begat not, neither was He begotten”. “And there is not any equal unto Him”. The author’s memorial to him who is a mercy to all living beings. Message from the East.English - Persian translator. ... Marian is an efficient, free Neural Machine Translation framework written in pure C++ with minimal dependencies. NLLB. No Language Left Behind (NLLB) is a first-of-its-kind, AI breakthrough project that open-sources models capable of delivering evaluated, high-quality translations directly between 200 languagesAnother common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ...The mean scores and standard deviations on the Persian SQOL-M, the IIEF and the WAI were 53.8 (12), 48.2 (14.4), and 37.7 (6.8), respectively. The descriptive results for the IIEF and WAI subscales are reported in Table 3. Interitem correlations and the mean (SD) of all the 11 items on the Persian translation of the SQOL-M are reported in Table 4.سنا بسته کمک خارجی به اوکراین که شامل «قانون مهسا» می‌شود را تصویب کرد. سنای آمریکا یک بسته کمک خارجی به ...Mar 25, 2023 · Quran Persian (High Resolution) PDF Latest 2020 edition. ... [PDF] Quran Persian translation (ترجمه فارسی قرآن) Bookreader Item Preview The Persian Wars, despite the title, is a wide-ranging work that reports the history and geography not only of Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, but also of southern Arabia and Ethiopia, Iran and Central Asia, and Constantinople itself. This book is equipped with notes, maps and plans, an introduction, and a translation of a further Greek text ...This English to Persian translator can be used by anyone that includes individuals (like students, teachers), professionals (like doctors, engineers, content writers & bloggers), or a company of any size. However, being an automated Persian translation tool, there are some restrictions. It can't be used for legal purposes.English: Pronunciation: Persian: Bougainvillea: gole kâzhazi: گل کاغذی: Buttercup: âlâle: آلاله: Cactus: kâktus: کاکتوس: Carnation: mikhak: میخکConducted within the comparative research model in translation studies, the present work is a descriptive-analytical corpus-based study addressing the translation of fronted themes, as the main category of marked structures, from English into Persian. The corpus built for the purpose of this study is a parallel one comprising 3500 English …Persian (/ ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ən / PUR-zhən or / ˈ p ɜːr ʃ ən / PUR-shən), also known by its endonym Farsi or Parsi (فارسی, Fārsī, [fɒːɾˈsiː] ⓘ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, …1. Simply upload a Persian or English document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from Persian and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate Persian documents to English in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...At a reception for the Army Day of Iran in New Delhi Monday, Iranian ambassador Iraj Elahi also emphasised Tehran’s role as the guardian of the world’s …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Another common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ...The Persian Wars, despite the title, is a wide-ranging work that reports the history and geography not only of Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, but also of southern Arabia and Ethiopia, Iran and Central Asia, and Constantinople itself. This book is equipped with notes, maps and plans, an introduction, and a translation of a further Greek text ... Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. However, with our mobile apps, you can translate text extracted from PDF files, but won't receive a downloadable PDF translation. PDF document translation is a straightforward process. On the web translator, simply: 1. Create a free DeepL account. 2. Click on "Translate files" 3. Select the file on your computer. 4. Choose your desired target ...English to Persian Translation tool includes online translation service, English text-to-speech service, English spell checking tool, on-screen keyboard for major languages, …Translate video. Select the "Subtitles" tab from the left sidebar, then choose "Auto subtitles." Pick the original language of your video (or audio) and the language you'd like to translate to. Now, an automatic transcript and subtitles will be generated in seconds in the language you've chosen. Download and share.The first and most popular free online Farsi (Persian)/English Dictionary with easy to use Farsi keyboard, two-way word lookup, multi-language smart translator, English lessons, …To cite this article: Igder, R., & Karimnia, A. (2010). Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 8(29), 69-86 Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type Rasoul Igder, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Iran Amin Karimnia, Islamic …Quay looks forward to more readers discovering Ghassemi’s intriguing novel in translation. So does Fani, who proposed the idea of a translation prize after the Mo Habib Memorial Foundation reached out to Shahrzad Shams, now-retired UW teaching professor of Persian language and culture, about making a gift.. The translation prize, … Texts & Literature. • LyrikLine: Persian poems, with translation (+ audio) • Petite anthologie bilingue de littérature irano-persane (Medieval texts, with transcription & translation) by Denis Matringe (2021) • Persian literature, an introduction, by Reuben Levy (1923) • Persian literature by Claude Field (1912) You need an online machine translator to quickly translate Persian to Urdu. We hope that our Persian to Urdu translator can simplify your process of translation of Persian text, messages, words, or phrases. If you type Persian phrase "سلام دوست من!" in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to Urdu as ...Abstract and Figures. Summary This thesis is about ‘naturalness’ in the translation of novels from English into Persian. It studies, describes and explains the cultural and linguistic factors ...In Middle Persian translation, the equivalent yōsdāsrīnēm (I purify) is a verb from the same root which is the first person singular declarative present tense (Guyova, 2000, p. 140) and the subjunctive property of this verb is neglected in the translation. While subjunctive present tense is used for verbs showing doubt, desire, and wish ...Abstract and Figures. Summary This thesis is about ‘naturalness’ in the translation of novels from English into Persian. It studies, describes and explains the cultural and linguistic factors ...Nov 10, 2022 · Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different linguistic forms, this variety cannot be ... A Persian leopard was seen roaming near Balochistan's Nani Mandir, an important site for Hindu pilgrimage, after many years.The rare leopard was located by a …Jun 16, 2023 · Here is a list of the top Persian verbs you need to learn, along with their English translations and example sentences: 1. رفتن – to go. .من به فروشگاه رفتم (man be forushgâh raftam) – I went to the store. 2. خوردن – to eat. .صبحانه من شامل: پنیر، نان و شیر بود (sobhâneye man shâmele ... 1. Salam (سلام) Translating simply to “hello,” this is the most common greeting in Persian. Salam (سلام) literally means “peace,” and the response back would generally be the same. It is shortened from the original Arabic greeting salam-aleykom (سلام عليكم), meaning “peace be upon you,” though this full phrase can ...Here are the lyrics and English translation of Bi Khabar Az To by Hojat Ashrafzadeh. bi khabaram az to / I haven’t heard from you. o man tâb nadâram / and I can’t stand it anymore. bade to khod râ be ke bâyad besepâram / after you, who should I entrust myself to. az del-e man kam nashode mehr -e to mâham / my love for you hasn’t ...In this paper, efforts have been made to investigate the strategies used in translating colloquial expressions in English-language films subtitled in Persian. The colloquial expressions were classified based on the combination of taxonomies presented by McCrimmon (1963) and Holmes (1992). The data was gathered from two American …Access the Translate Document tool. Choose the language to translate from and to. Set the input language to “Detect language” if you’re unsure. Click “Choose File” and then the “Translate” button. Let Google work its magic. Download your translation. Translate PDF with Google. Get Started.There are many Persian verbs that are frequently used in daily conversations. In this section, we will introduce the most common Persian verbs. List of Top Common Persian Verbs with Examples. Here is a list of the top Persian verbs you need to learn, along with their English translations and example sentences: 1. رفتن – to goA Persian leopard was seen roaming near Balochistan's Nani Mandir, an important site for Hindu pilgrimage, after many years.The rare leopard was located by a …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Abstract. This paper examines a number of proverbs in English and Persian to shed light on certain pragmatic issues involved in translation. By analyzing three sets of data within the pragmatic ...Aug 19, 2018 · We created our own story opening line of “Once upon a day and once upon a time under the purple dome of the sky…” Thus, the English part is not a translation of the Persian, and the Persian part is not a translation of the English. Rather, it is a joint effort in a combined type of writing to convey the flair and nuances of both languages.

Interpretation(simultaneous, consecutive, or sight) Specializing in diplomatic and legal interpretation, legal documents, and Iranian culture and literature. Available remote or in-person. Persian (Farsi) translation for courts, law firms, and attorneys including civil, criminal, family, and immigration.. Asl translation

translation of persian

• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:...Online version of Sulayman Hayyim's 'New Persian-English dictionary, complete and modern, designed to give the English meanings of over 50,000 words, terms, idioms, and proverbs in the Persian language, as well as the transliteration of the words in English characters. Together with a sufficient treatment of all the grammatical features of …Deze kosteloze service van Google kan woorden, zinnen en webpagina's onmiddellijk vertalen tussen het Nederlands en meer dan 100 andere talen.Home | Library of CongressGoogle's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.1. Simply upload a English or Persian document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from English and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate English documents to Persian in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ... The most popular languages for translation. Translate from Persian to English online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your Persian to English translations today and experience seamless communication! Translate from Persian to English online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your Persian to English translations today and experience seamless communication!Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Another common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ... Aug 19, 2018 · We created our own story opening line of “Once upon a day and once upon a time under the purple dome of the sky…” Thus, the English part is not a translation of the Persian, and the Persian part is not a translation of the English. Rather, it is a joint effort in a combined type of writing to convey the flair and nuances of both languages. English: Pronunciation: Persian: Bougainvillea: gole kâzhazi: گل کاغذی: Buttercup: âlâle: آلاله: Cactus: kâktus: کاکتوس: Carnation: mikhak: میخکSummary of the purport of the poem in exegesis of the Surah of Pure Faith “Say: He is God, One”. “God, the Self-Subsistent”. “He begat not, neither was He begotten”. “And there is not any equal unto Him”. The author’s memorial to him who is a mercy to all living beings. Message from the East.Summary table of Persian Proverbs. مرغ همسایه غازه — “The Neighbour’s chicken is a goose”. هر گردی گردو نیست — “Not everything that’s round is a walnut”. هم خدا را می‌ خواهد، هم خرما را — “He/She wants both God and the date”. با یک دست نمی توان دو ... The most popular languages for translation. Translate from Persian to English online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your Persian to English translations today and experience seamless communication! This English to Persian translator can be used by anyone that includes individuals (like students, teachers), professionals (like doctors, engineers, content writers & bloggers), or a company of any size. However, being an automated Persian translation tool, there are some restrictions. It can't be used for legal purposes. The Persian translation was composed in the Jaunpur Sultanate during the rule of Maḥmūd Šāh Šarqī (r. 844-862/1440-1457) by a certain Tāj al-Dīn Muftī al-Malikī under the patronage of the muqṭi‘ (fief-holder) of Bihar, Naṣīr al-Dawla wa al-Dīn, also mentioned in contemporary inscriptions as Naṣīr ibn Bahā (fl. 847-859/ ... .

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